How to Get Your Dream Job Fast

How to Get Your Dream Job FastHow to Get Your Dream Job Fast Employment searching can be an exciting part of professional life, but fruchtwein candidates agree the shorter the search, the better. While the quest for a new gig can be energizing and rich with the prospect of possibilities, it can also cause a deep sense of upheaval. Change is equal parts thrilling and disorienting. Launching a search that is strategic and focused can help you achieve your end goal more quickly. Market yourself for success, by strategically updating your candidacy package . Review your Linkedin profile, resume and cover letter to ensure your materials represent you well, and that theyre circulation-ready. TopResume offers Glassdoor users a complimentary resume review for those who upload their resume to the site.Also, examine your social media presence through your professional lens. Ensure that the persona youre projecting is smart, savvy and appropriate for a professional audi ence. Youre inviting employers to check out your persona on various platforms, so be mindful of everything you post while you are job hunting. Your Glassdoor profile gives you the space to detail what youre seeking in your next role. What you designate in your profile informs the search results that Glassdoor provides you. So take your time and populate your profile thoughtfully and completely. Next, upload your resume , so youre ready to pounce when you find that perfect position. Then, download the Glassdoor Job Search app , which alerts you to roles that suit you as soon as they post. This cues you to research reviews, salaries and feedback about the einstellungsgesprch process in that corporate culture. If the role seems like a fit, apply instantly with a simple drag and drop of your resume. A survey conducted by Lou Adler, CEO of the Adler Group and author of the Essential Guide for Hiring & Getting Hired , indicates that as many as 85 percent of new hires are secure d through networking. Follow that lead. Laura Handrick, HR Analyst with Fit Small Business recommends Use your own network. For one position I sent mail to all 300+ of my LinkedIn connections in a personal sort of tone that said something like the text below. Several contacted me and one even said how cool it was to hear from me, and how smart to use LinkedIn like this Many of you know me, and may be curious about what Im up to. Ive just left my role at xx company, and am looking for a job like xx. You know me best, and you also know that most job postings are known internally before theyre posted to an external website. So if you know of something that might be a good fit for me, Id really appreciate your help if youd reach out and give me a heads up, a recommendation or a linkMany industries have professional societies, such as the Society for Human Resources Management (SHRM), that serve to advance scholarship and professionalism among those who work in that field. Handrick re commends actively engaging with these. She writes Read, and most importantly POST and REPLY on blogs, not only to showcase your expertise, but when the topic calls for it, chime in with your availability. Thats how I got one of my best jobs ever by replying to a LinkedIn post and finding out they had a job opening that needed exactly my skill set. Hiredwithin 2 weeks.Showing that you have the enthusiasm and the moxie to forge a personal connection with the hiring manager can yields rewards. Chris Hawk, Recruiting Manager at Lyft recommends After you apply, search for the recruiter or hiring manager on LinkedIn and connect with them, with a quick note about how interested you are in the role. Kate Botler Kodesh, Head of Business Recruiting at Lyft, recommends fortifying your network by researching companies youre targeting. Kodesh writes Make a target list of dream companies and then start meeting people connected there finding connections through your LinkedIn profile is a great p lace to starteven reaching out cold with a quick note expressing interest in the company and connecting can be a good launching point. Apps and gadgets make all aspects of life easier, including job seeking. Some to check out To supplement your search Linkup pulls job postings directly from employers websites. It can be a helpful supplement to your Glassdoor search. To organize your search RAKE helps you track your job search efforts including where youve submitted resumes and when you need to follow up. To nail your interview The Resume Now boost helps you shape and practice your answers to common interview questions, building your savvy and confidence.To apply easily The Glassdoor Job Search app for iPad and iPhone makes it easier to apply for jobs using the new drag and drop feature included with iOS11. Drag and drop you resume from iCloud Drive or Box to apply to jobs or save for later.

Women Leaders Still Scarce in Legal Firms

Women Leaders Still Scarce in Legal Firms Women Leaders Still Scarce in Legal Firms Most of the 93 reporting firms presented familiar excuses explaining the lack of female leaders that the number of women qualified for senior partnerships is small or that many women decline the position due to the time and administrative costs of the role. Nearly all firms with a vast underrepresentation of women argued that they were no worse than their peers despite understanding that they need more women in leadership positions. The fruchtwein commonly cited explanation for the dearth of women leaders was the supposed higher attrition rate among female lawyers.Just 14 of the 93 reporting firms had even a single governing committee with female partners composed of over 25 percent women. The average female representation in committee leadership roles was 16.8 percent that is nearly two seats out of every 11 in a governing committee. Firms with a second governing committee saw a small increase in w omen members rising to an average 20 percent on the larger governing committee.On compensation committees, women occupy an average of 18 percent of committee seats and represent 20 percent of practice group leaders and 15 percent of office managing partners. It is worth noting that sometimes single women are double counted as they occupy seats on more than one committee.

Women get diagnosed for this fatal condition 2.5 years later than men

Women get diagnosed for this fatal condition 2.5 years later than menWomen get diagnosed for this fatal condition 2.5 years later than menA Danish study published back in February of this year in the journal Nature Communications,analyzed nearly 7 million hospital patients for mora than 20 years revealing that on average, women get diagnosed about four years later than men in relation to several diseases.This data came as a surprise to even the lead author, Soran Bronak, who fears, because men tend to reach out to medical professionals fairly late as it is, the disparity in diagnosis times might be even steeper than we realize. The study reports, The results point towards the need for an increased focus on sex-stratified medicine to elucidate the origins of the socio-economic and ethological differences.Follow Ladders on FlipboardFollow Ladders magazines on Flipboard covering Happiness, Productivity, Job Satisfaction, Neuroscience, and moreIt grimly notes that literature published on the subject in the past (albeit a little more broadly) corroborates its observations for cancer, autoimmune diseases and musculoskeletal disorders alike.Biases in diagnosis and treatmentThe study examined 770 different diseases to cement its research.Although the results point pretty cleanly to one conclusion, the data did feature a curious exception in its analyst of osteoporosis. The common condition was discovered to be detected in women much earlier than in men.Additionally, late discovery of some illnesses seemed to owe themselves to inherent differences in manifestations. ADHD for instance tends to be expressed more mildly in girls than in boys, leading to later diagnosis. Boys that suffer from the disorder are commonly diagnosed around the age of 14, compared to women, who are commonly diagnosed as late as 20.When it comes to cancer, however, the researchers found that women were typically diagnosed about 2.5 years later than men. For metabolic diseases like diabetes for exa mple, the difference surged by two years (4.5).Although many experts have speculated on factors that might illuminate a definitive explanation, the study could not delineate any such reasonings.As Bronak told Healthline,The study does not provide a comprehensive explanation for why we see these differences, and how the reasons, in particular, divide up between germ-line genetics, environmental exposures, and modifiable lifestyle.Differences in our healthcare system make it nearly impossible to conduct a study as extensive as the one conducted on the Danish population, though Nicole Woitowich Ph.D. assumes the data would be similar in a hypothetical U.S. study and perhaps even more sobering for women of color.Woitowich declares that medical differences between and women are more complicated than just their basic biology. She states, Women and men experience many diseases and disorders differently. Both sex and gender can have a significant impact on our health and well-being. This is still an issue that is often overlooked, even within medical education and training.You might also enjoyNew neuroscience reveals 4 rituals that will make you happyStrangers know your social class in the first seven words you say, study finds10 lessons from Benjamin Franklins daily schedule that will double your productivityThe worst mistakes you can make in an interview, according to 12 CEOs10 habits of mentally strong people

This new AI service will transcribe conference calls in real-time

This new AI service will transcribe conference calls in real-timeThis new AI service will transcribe conference calls in real-timeWith a new voice-driven, artificially-intelligent service, youll never have to pay attention during long, boring conference calls again. AfterDialpad acquired TalkIQsreal-time speech recognition technology, Dialpad announced that it has created a version of VoiceAI, a service to give employees real-time transcription and analysis of what they just heard in a call.Real-time transcription means you dont have to pay attention to calls as muchNow if you drift off during an earnings report, the VoiceAI will save you when your boss asks for a follow-up report of action items. Dialpad said VoiceAI will not only give you accurate, automatic transcriptions of any conversation, but feedback as well on how the call is going.Dialpad said the new service will identify positive and negative intent signals in client conversations and calculate customer satisfaction scor es for 100% of calls.When a conversation starts going off the rails, youll have a better chance at knowing when to intervene on a call. Dialpad said the service can provide real-time recommendations to representatives as conversations happen.In a future world, technology can provide you with a detailed record of every business call youve ever had. Thats a world that Dialpad sees happening.You should have automated note-taking with every business call, you should be able to push into Salesforce and pull up your records or history of every support conversation youve ever had out of Zendesk,Dialpad CEO Craig Walker said. Its literally just changing the power of unterstellung conversations from this one-time chat to being able to have actionable notes.

Resume Checklist Guide

Resume Checklist Guide Companies, therefore, prefer you do not incorporate any bodily descriptors. You should be aware of full well what products or services the organization is in the work of providing. All too frequently, job seekers havent taken the opportunity to make certain they have a good resume in the very first place, resulting in a deficiency of positive responses, making each of their efforts a huge waste of time, and pushing them in frustration farther down the path towards job search depression. Try to remember that employers are uninterested in being aware of what you expect from the organization but rather theyll be interested in being aware of what you can provide them and how you are able to benefit the business. By following some basic things to do to make certain you dont overlook any details the recruiters could be searching for, you are going to be sure to make a superb first impression. The experience section is additionally the very best location to demo nstrate evidence that youve got the necessary skill set for the job. If youre going to go after a job for a consultant, that would imply you have wisdom and experience on a subject, or industry, you have worked on before. Though my experience is limited, I hope it can add value and help people that are desperately trying to find a new job. In your resume, it is possible to only include things like work experience directly linked to the job that you apply. You ought to be able to speak to the Resume Writer one-on-one to identify their degree of skill and competency. Experience is the most important evidence that youve got what it requires to be successful at a specific job. Competition is high and you have to stand out. You require transportation as a way to go on the interview, if youve got two cars you may want to sale one. A Cover Letter example for men and women that are seeking work in airport. Side projects are your opportunity to shine on the abilities and technology stack you opted to use. Do not lose out relevant details. The skills a chronological resume may not have the capability to highlight are ready to be emphasized in a functional resume. Allow it to be simple for them to assist you. These resumes have been specially intended for students that are still in high school or those that are going to graduate. If your work search isnt confidential, you can also ask your supervisor or trusted colleagues, states Scudder. Sending a generic resume for every single job isnt the perfect approach. There are sure dos and donts that it is worth it to keep in mind while preparing your sample resume. Having your resume critiqued over the phone will be able to help you get the particular questions and issues youve got address. Another advantage is that you wont have to be concerned about memorizing answers to stock questions. Lots of people fall in the trap of attempting to put an excessive amount of info in their cover letter, almost having it take the area of their resume. You just need to change the way that you market yourself in the present economy by creatively crafting your work search, your resume and your interview techniques in order to stick out from the crowd. Even when you have a job like teaching, youre going to be requested to produce approaches to produce the learning experience better and be made to work with different teachers and students to make that possible. You cant when someone in the business will be reading your information to a different employee, which means you must be certain it sounds good too. In an ordinary website job program, you will complete a form to apply and then the business supplies a button that permits you to attach your resume and cover letter. In addition, in the event where ones belastung job reference wasnt the best one, an individual might want to select the assistance of a functional resume template. You could adhere to the guidelines supplied in the job resume templat e here and produce your own resume.

Short Article Reveals the Undeniable Facts About Resume Writing Critique and How It Can Affect You

Short Article Reveals the Undeniable Facts About Resume Writing Critique and How It Can Affect You Resume ought to be written in a way that describes your entire profile in a systematic way. Perhaps you had the ability to do the job of two when short-staffed for a long duration of time. Your resume should be formatted in an easy, professional method. Most Noticeable Resume Writing Critique Instead, job seekers require a professional resume writing service which helps. To enhance your odds of finding the job that you want, you want to employ a professional resume writer to place your credentials into a format that hiring managers will notice. Youre searching for a new job, but you want far mora than just work. Deciding upon the best resume service is simple enough if you concentrate on businesses that prefer to educate job seekers. Resume writing objective is a significant portion of the resume, without it resume wont leave its effect on the recruiter. Most resume writers do not update the job of different writers. Writing the exact same gives a great impression to the employers that youre serious enough about your future and may be considered for the applied position. Resume writing Objective is a central section in any type of resume. New Step by Step Roadmap for Resume Writing Critique A profile, also referred to as summary of qualifications, or professional highlights, is a good method to begin your resume, by giving a concise overview of what youve got to offer right at the very top. One of the greatest approaches to be sure your resume gets noticed is to get eye-catching, appropriate section headers. Utilize industry terms, where appropriate, if youre seeking a job very similar to your present position. A lot of candidates understand how to offer important details. You may also benefit from our deckblatt letter writer to be correctly ready for your upcoming interview. There are plenty of statements one can utilize to make an effectiv e resume. According to the resume, candidates have to get ready for an interview. Bear in mind that the objective of a resume is to sell you so that you receive the interview. Where to Find Resume Writing Critique When youre writing your cover letter never shed sight that for it to secure you the response youre hoping for, it has to be read. My idea of a great cover letter is one which creates fear. The totally free review is really free, hassle-free, and doesnt need a credit card to begin. Naturally, it may be not possible to create such a short resume. Resume Writing Critique Fundamentals Explained You ought to make sure youre ready to list your experience in a professional method to find a better job. The pivotal reason behind the same has become the change in the requirement of the possible recruiters as well as the work profile. Or you are able to seek out expert help. Having your resume critiqued over the phone is able to help you get the particular questions and i ssues youve got address. The 5-Minute Rule for Resume Writing Critique The Candidate should send relevant information which may help determine the employer. All resumes must consist of certain crucial data, such as contact info, experience, and education. One of the most important dangers involved with the majority of online resume critiques is a true critique is involved. There are quite a lot of explanations for why you should receive your resume review. Make certain you always check first, to make certain folks are prepared to deliver a positive reference for you whether you dont ask, you might discover people have a different opinion of you than you thought, and could provide negative info to employers.

The Dirty Facts on What Skills to List on Resume

The Dirty Facts on What Skills to List on Resume What Skills to List on Resume at a Glance Repetitive motion can be difficult on your joints. A Key Skills section, on the flip side, is listed at the very top of a resume. Dependent on the help of our expert sources, here are a number of broad sorts of skills your resume could include, together with unique approaches to express them. You should notice recurring themes and perhaps even direct mention of several skills that need to be prosperous. Hard skills have a tendency to be mora technical, and each business or sort of job will often have its personal necessary set. Finally, the very best skills arent inimitable to you or the company, since tons of applicants are going to have the exact skills and lots of companies want to get those exact same skills. Read through it a couple of occasions and youll probably spot three or four important skills mentioned many times throughout the document. Its fast and simple to use. So a s to select your resume format, begin by evaluating your career history and future targets. Some skills could be relevant while others arent. As stated earlier, assessing soft skills is significantly mora difficult. For the remainder of your skills, use your very best judgement. Before you jump into writing down all of the incredible talents youve got, lets learn a little more about what skills employers typically search for on a resume and see whether you are able to incorporate any in your skills section. Lets make certain you make the absolute the majority of the opportunity that your resumes skills section can offer. As you proceed through the list of skills above, make a distinct list with the skills which you already possess. You saw above how to choose the most suitable collection of hard abilities vs soft skills. What Skills to List on Resume Ideas My present method has two lists. Listed here are six of the most crucial, listed in the order of importance depending o n the outcomes of the survey. For instance, if youve got a strong history with word processing and a work description necessitates experience with a particular processor you havent used, you may use your experience to demonstrate the employer that youve got zero issue working with new word processors. Besides job requirements, think about the description of the business and its culture. Ruthless What Skills to List on Resume Strategies Exploited Looking for employment at the moment is pretty challenging. Your resume must immediately tell the employer that youre somebody who will choose the work seriously. Both can cause you to get exceptional but only one can allow you to land work. When you would like to land that ideal job then you ought to have a stellar resume. The 30-Second Trick for What Skills to List on Resume If youre able to do that, an employer will certainly notice. Employers value workers that are flexible and ready to juggle many tasks simultaneously. When f olks are hiring they need to understand if the prospective employee is qualified for the job, if they will have the ability to work well with different members of the team, and what skills theyd bring with them. Your skills are an overview of what you could do for the possible employer if you were offered the work at the moment. The End of What Skills to List on Resume Create My Resume Now Best essays review in mind which you have limited space on a resume, which means you will have to be selective about what you would like to emphasize. A resume that boasts of solid skills information is one which is considered the most out of the lot. Keep food desert essays resume short and easy resumes ought to be no more than 1 page. Top What Skills to List on Resume Secrets Always bear in mind that hiring managers do not devote a great deal of time perusing a resume. No matter where you include your skills section on your resume, you can be sure that the hiring manager will find it an d definitely likely to ask about doing it. Outstanding people skills are an important portion of what makes you such a standout employee whod be an asset to any company that provides you with an opportunity to shine. Therefore, if you come to an interview, the absence of Soft Skills may be one reason you werent chosen for the job. To ascertain how many skills you should include, consider your qualifications in terms of potential subheadings. Related competencies incorporate fantastic communication and leadership. Teamwork skills in the workplace are critical for the great majority of jobs. A persons skill set is comprised of an assortment of personal skills that theyve acquired through education and employment. Along with highlighting the general skills you will need for most jobs, its important to show employers that youve got the job-specific skills needed for success at work. There are a few skills that will be totally necessary for any successful candidate. There are a few professors who use Camtasia to record lectures, and a couple language professors utilize VoiceThread by making use of their students. Most standard resume formats incorporate a skill section at or close to the bottom of the resume. The placement of your skills section is also a rather important issue to take into account. Then make a list of your matching skills that it is possible to incorporate in your resume. Create a distinctive skills section in your resume and fill this up with relevant details. The Start of What Skills to List on Resume What you have to list on your resume are the very best skills skills which will uniquely permit you to support the businesss mission, whatever that organization and its mission might be. The ideal approach would be to learn the essence of the job. Other business growth managers, who will have gained many handy abilities, choose to prepare their very own businesses. Most business growth managers who have worked in their existing po sition for many years earn in the area of 50,000 to 60,000.

10 Ways to Build Top Presentation Skills in Accounting

10 Ways to Build Top Presentation Skills in Accounting10 Ways to Build Top Presentation Skills in AccountingTodays accounting and finance professionals are taking on mora strategic roles in their organizations and interacting more frequently with other departments. As a result, strong presentation skills are more critical than ever to make compelling points, package information and explain technical information to non-financial stakeholders.If you work to sharpen your communication with others on your team or with those you supervise, that sets a good example for your entire office. And if you want to build influence in your company, sooner or later youll need good public speaking skills to present your ideas to your bosses, colleagues or clients. How to improve your presentation skillsHere are five practical tips for boosting your presentation skills. Then, because its likely you work with Excel more than PowerPoint or Keynote, keep reading for five more tips.Face your fears. If you have anxiety about public speaking, the best way to overcome it is to, well, speak in public. Begin by making short presentations to your closest colleagues or friends. When you feel ready, volunteer to give a quick talk or make an announcement at a professional association or civic organization you belong to. Consider joining Toastmasters International, a public speaking organization, to get even more practice. Share tips for presentations with members you meet there. Attend networking events to practice your communication skills.Do your homework. Youll have much more confidence during your business presentation if youre well prepared. To get ready for your talk, learn as much as you can about your audience. This will help you determine how youll present your information to get your points across. Use concrete facts and quantifiable information from white papers, surveys or case studies from reputable sources to support your points. If youre trying to win new business, let your au dience know how youve helped companies or clients reach their goals.Practice, practice, practice. Practice your presentation until you know it inside and out. Rehearse in front of a mirror. Run through it with a colleague or friend. Ask for honest feedback about both your content and delivery, and make any necessary adjustments. Then practice some more.Stand and deliver. Remember one of the basics of giving presentations Tell them what youre going to tell them. Tell them again. And then tell them what you told them. Keep your audience in mind at all times. Speak conversationally and dont use jargon. Show enthusiasm for what youre presenting. Your audience will respond to your passion. Season your talk with some quick asides, jokes, metaphors and anecdotes when appropriate.Anticipate questions. Your presentation isnt necessarily over once you wrap up your prepared remarks. Colleagues or clients may have questions, concerns or points of resistance about information you presented. Anti cipate unterstellung by being an expert on your topic. No matter how well your presentation went, it could end on a low note if someone asks a question you cant answer. Again, proper preparation is the key.Make better communication your goal and read Promising Accountants Share Goal-Setting Secrets to Success.How to create strong presentation slidesIf you want to build influence in your company, sooner or later youll need to present your ideas to your bosses, colleagues or clients. And youll likely want to include some visuals. Knowing how to create engaging presentations can help you get your points across and hold your audiences attention from start to finish.Heres how to make the most of your slides when creating a presentation.Begin with a clear outline. Weve all seen presentations that go nowhere fast. That often happens because the presenter doesnt have a handle on where to go with the presentation. Grab a pen and paper before you open your presentation software. Start creatin g your presentation by writing an outline, with specific focus on your goals and what you want to accomplish by the time youre done. This will help you stick to the script when its time to put the deck together.Let your titles guide the way. Each slides title should provide context and explain the slides content, including the conclusion. For example, A Third of Managers Regret Not Taking Enough Vacation Time is better than just Vacation Time. A more descriptive title keeps your audience focused on the message. Also san-serif fonts that are easy to read. Titles should generally be between 36 and 44 font, and other content should be at least a 24-point font, with a 20-point font for captions,Keep your slides succinct. Dont overwhelm your audience with too many words and numbers on your slides. Yes, you love your numbers, but dont go number-happy. When deciding what to distribution policy on a slide, remember your slides should support what youre saying, not the other way around. A sl ide with too much information is challenging to read. Youre essentially asking your audience to read and listen at the same time. Again, dont make your audience work. If your presentation needs to be shared as a handout or forwarded to others, consider making two versions a slimmed-down version to talk through and a sharable version with more explanatory text.Make it visually engaging. No, a page or screenshot from Excel doesnt really count as an image. Use simple photos or illustrations that support your message. A well-chosen image is a nice break from text that can grab your audiences attention and help reinforce your message. You can find professional stock images on sites like Shutterstock. Also consider colors, and make sure your text and background colors contrast well. Provide a next step. Dont just end your presentation by saying thank you give a call to action. Close your presentation by including a slide that mentions what youd like the audience to do with the information you shared with them.Once you improve your presentation skills, you can assume youve added valuable skills to your career toolbox. Not only will that help you succeed in your role, it will also help you advance in your accounting and finance career. Read Accountants Need Hard and Soft Skills for Success, and dont stop thereSUBSCRIBE TO OUR NEWSLETTER

Validating a Clean Sweep

Validating a Clean Sweep Validating a Clean Sweep Validating a Clean SweepUncleanliness is next to lawlessness in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Failure to remove residues left by chemicals, particulates, microbial agents, and other contaminants can cause carryover into subsequent product batches, potentially compromising the finished drugs safety, efficacy, purity, or quality. Regulators require drug makers to validate their processes for cleaning production equipment between batches. Off-spec batches warrant inspection, and if regulators link problems to faulty cleaning validation, a company can be forced to suspend or recall the products. Thats what happened in landmark court cases in the late 1980s and early 1990s, when federal judges confirmed the Food and Drug Administrations power to use nonconformity to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) guidelines as grounds for a recall even in the absence of negative customer impacts. Since then, cleaning validation and verification have sh ot to the top of the industrys quality- and process-control priorities. Many technologies and engineering decisions factor into the cleaning process and its validation, but the core deliverable is the chemical testing data proving that surface residue levels are within acceptable limits.U.S. Department of Agriculture physiologists use HPLC to analyze plant pigments. Image Stephen Ausmus / USDA For engineering and quality control experts who manage the cleaning process, chemical testing after cleaning poses a production bottleneck. The line usually sits idle while workers systematically swab equipment surfaces to collect samples for analysis. The time it takes to gather the samples depends on the size of the equipment, the accessibility of its interior surfaces, and its proximity to the other machines that must be cleaned. Samples then go to a laboratory some distance away from the production line, where the chemists spend hours or days preparing the samples, analyzing them with high -performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), interpreting data, and writing reports. The lost efficiency can be costly, but there are downstream clinical impacts of these delays too. For example, the manufacture of drugs for clinical trials usually involves extremely small batches and short production runs. This increases the frequency of cleaning and validation, which can delay production and interrupt the supply of drugs to the trial sites. Cleaning validation is here to stay, but the changing landscape of pharmaceutical manufacturing is opening the door to testing technologies that speed up the process and possibly improve its accuracy. Real-Time Results Drug manufacturers, makers of laboratory equipment, and the FDA have been working to develop tools and methods for cleaning validation testing at the production line. Such instruments have been on the market for decades and are widely used in the refining, food/beverage, chemical, and semiconductor industries. In 2004 FDA launched a significant push to introduce widespread use of process analytical technology (PAT) in pharmaceutical production, including the cleaning validation process. The initiative is part of a broader move toward next-generation optimization concepts like continuous manufacturing and work-in-progress inventory management. The FDAs PAT guidelines state that on-line, in-line, and at-line measurement of critical quality attributes are acceptable if they are capable of real-time assessments that are equivalent to or better than laboratory measurements like HPLC.A LaserScan QCL reflection spectrometer for real time, non-contact, non-destructive analysis of coatings and other surfaces. Image Block Engineering Techniques A wide range of real-time analyzers are optimized for cleaning validation or verification, each offering specific strengths for certain types of situations. One emerging method under development at Pfizer involves a flashlight-style infrared laser analyzer that can measure resi dues at concentrations under 1 microgram per square centimeter. Built by Block Engineering (Marlborogh, MA), the analyzer is based on a quantum cascade laser, an emerging infrared light source that can be precisely tuned to desired wavelengths. The handheld battery-powered scanner produces fast measurements that confirm residues are within a specified range and help determine whether additional immediate cleaning is required. Although it uses the sophisticated laboratory measurement mode of absorption spectroscopy, the device can be operated and maintained by non-chemists. Other high-end spectroscopy-based measurements are adaptable to the process environment as well. Ultraviolet/visible analyzers can be placed at the end of a production line during rinsing to measure levels of chemical components in the effluent stream. Programmed to signal the operator when a predetermined low level has been reached, the instrument helps determine when to stop the cleaning process. Another widely studied approach uses spectral measurements in the near-infrared wavelength region, where certain components are especially easy to detect. These analyzers can be designed to measure process flows using fiber optics to connect a remote instrument to a probe placed in the production stream. This approach lends itself to effluent analysis as above, as well as to continuous process monitoring. Total organic carbon (TOC) analysis is another common lab technique being modified for online measurement in cleaning validation. Because most drugs are made from organic molecules or proteins, TOC has obvious potential. Novel online platforms such as the Sievers M9 system performs continuous monitoring of water combining UV persulfate oxidation with a membrane conductometric detector and sampling system. Many techniques like these once considered too costly or complicated for at-line applications are now suitable for the harsh production environment and can be used and maintained by workers with out knowledge of chemistry. Accordingly, pharmaceutical engineers can anticipate the need to understand how these devices operate and what they can and cant do. Chemists, conversely, will need a solid understanding of real-world process equipment in order to develop effective measurement protocols. In industrial plants, the model of a project team including a chemist, chemical engineer, and mechanical engineer, and others is established, but it is clearly missing at lab-scale, stated Moheb Nasr, vice-president of regulatory CMC strategy at GlaxoSmithKline. Speaking at last Mays MIT International Symposium on Continuous Manufacturing of Pharmaceuticals, Nasr said training designed to bridge the cultural gaps between the lab and the process line is an important prerequisite to cleaning validation in a real-time quality monitoring environment. Chemists are not at ease using pumps and flow meters. The general view is that we are still training people in traditional silos, he said. We ne ed engineers, scientists, technologists, statisticians, and software engineers to develop a common understanding. Michael MacRae is an independent writer. Learn more at ASMEs 2015 Verification and Validation Symposium in Las Vegas, NV. For Further DiscussionTraining designed to bridge the cultural gaps between the lab and the process line is an important prerequisite to cleaning validation.Moheb Nasr, GlaxoSmithKline